Difference between revisions of "HOWTO-Engines"

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This page is meant as a mini-HOWTO which roughly outlines the steps needed to add a new engine to ScummVM. It does '''not''' tell you how to create an engine for a given game; rather it is meant to tell a developer how to properly "hook" into ScummVM.  
This page is meant as a mini-HOWTO which roughly outlines the steps needed to add a new engine to ScummVM. It does '''not''' tell you how to create an engine for a given game; rather it is meant to tell a developer how to properly "hook" into ScummVM.  


I will assume that you are at least roughly familiar with ScummVM, and have a fresh checkout of our Subversion repository. Note that it's strongly adviced to base your work on the current development version of ScummVM, and not on a release version. This will ease integration of your work.
I will assume that you are at least roughly familiar with ScummVM, and have a recent checkout of our source code repository. Note that it's strongly advised to base your work on the current development version of ScummVM, and not on a release version. This will ease integration of your work.


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
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# Add a new directory <tt>engines/quux/</tt>
# Add a new directory <tt>engines/quux/</tt>
# Add <tt>engines/quux/module.mk</tt> (looking at module.mk files of existing engines should make it clear what you have to do).
# Add <tt>engines/quux/configure.engine</tt> (looking at configure.engine files of existing engines should make it clear what you have to do).
# Add <tt>engines/quux/module.mk</tt> (Again, just check out what is done for the existing engines).
# Add <tt>engines/quux/quux.h</tt> and <tt>engines/quux/quux.cpp</tt>; this will contain your Engine subclass (or at least parts of it).
# Add <tt>engines/quux/quux.h</tt> and <tt>engines/quux/quux.cpp</tt>; this will contain your Engine subclass (or at least parts of it).
# Add <tt>engines/quux/detection.cpp</tt>; It will contain the plugin interface code (more on that in the next section).
# Add <tt>engines/quux/detection.cpp</tt>; It will contain the plugin interface code (more on that in the next section).
# Modify <tt>engines/engines.mk</tt> by adding your engine. It should be clear what to do by looking at what is done for the other engines there.
# Modify <tt>configure</tt> by adding a new add_engine line. Again, just check out what is done for the existing engines.
# Modify <tt>base/plugins.cpp</tt>; in particular, you have to add your engine to the list in StaticPluginProvider::getPlugins.


That's it. The difficult part is of course writing the Engine subclass. More on that in the next section!
That's it. The difficult part is of course writing the Engine subclass. More on that in the next section!
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|inter.cpp, logic.cpp, script.cpp || Game logic, resp. script/bytecode interpreter
|inter.cpp, logic.cpp, script.cpp || Game logic, resp. script/bytecode interpreter
|}
|}
Additionally, the files saved by each engine should be consistent.
* '''Saves''': These should be named <targetid>.### (where ### is the slot id) or <gameid>.###. The latter should be used when the saves can be shared across all game variants.
* '''Other files''': These should be named <targetid>-<filename> or <gameid>-<filename>. Again the latter when the files can be shared acress all variants of the game (an example for these type of files would be when a minigame saves a high score record).
Here, only use the <gameid> scheme if you are '''absolutely''' sure that such files can be shared across '''all''' (that is every game platform, every game language, every game patch version, every game release, etc.) versions. If you are not sure whether this is the case, then stick to the <targetid> based scheme.


=== Subclassing MetaEngine ===
=== Subclassing MetaEngine ===
Let's implement the plugin interface: You'll have to create a custom MetaEngine subclass which provides the information and functionality related to the engine that can be used without running any game. That includes detecting games, listing savegames and instancing the engine. You have to specify your MetaEngine class to the REGISTER_PLUGIN_* macros. (See the example below)
Let's implement the plugin interface:<br>
You'll have to create a custom MetaEngine subclass. This provides the information and functionality related to the engine that can be used by the launcher without loading and running the game engine, which includes detecting games, listing savegames and instancing the engine.
 
The following example illustrates this, '''but''':<br> It is recommended that most engines should instead subclass AdvancedMetaEngine.<br>
This can be found in <tt>engines/advancedDetector.*</tt> and provides a standard framework for filename and MD5 based game detection. To use this, all you will have to provide is a standard data table of ADGameDescription entries describing each game variant, which is usually placed in a separate detection_tables.h header.<br>


You can alternatively subclass AdvancedMetaEngine from <tt>common/advancedDetector.h</tt> to reuse some common functionality like MD5 based game detection.
Finally, in either case, you will then have to specify your MetaEngine class to the REGISTER_PLUGIN_* macros.


=== Subclassing Engine ===
=== Subclassing Engine ===
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=== Infrastructure services ===
=== Infrastructure services ===
Header file common/scummsys.h provides services needed by virtually any source file:
Header file <code>common/scummsys.h</code> provides services needed by virtually any source file:


* defines platform endianness
* defines platform endianness
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* provides a lean environment to build win32 executables/libraries
* provides a lean environment to build win32 executables/libraries


TODO: give descriptions for other commonly used header files.
The <code>common</code> directory contains many more useful things, e.g. various container classes (for lists, hashmaps, resizeable arrays etc.), code for dealing with transparent endianess handling, for file I/O, etc. We recommend that you browse this a bit to get an idea of what is there. Likewise you should familiarize yourself with <code>graphics</code> and <code>sound</code>; for example we already have decoders for quite some audio formats in there. Before you roll your own code for all sorts of basic things, have a look and see if we already have code for that, and maybe also ask some veterans for advice.


=== Common portability issues ===
=== Common portability issues ===
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   min() -> MIN()
   min() -> MIN()
   rand() -> use Common::RandomSource class
   rand() -> use Common::RandomSource class
   stricmp() -> scumm_stricmp()
   strcasecmp() / stricmp() -> scumm_stricmp()
   strnicmp() -> scumm_strnicmp()
   strncasecmp() / strnicmp() -> scumm_strnicmp()
   strrev() -> scumm_strrev()
   strrev() -> scumm_strrev()


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=== Example: engines/quux/quux.h ===
=== Example: engines/quux/quux.h ===
<syntax type="C++">
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#ifndef QUUX_H
#ifndef QUUX_H
#define QUUX_H
#define QUUX_H
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class Console;
class Console;
   
   
// our engine debug levels
// our engine debug channels
enum {
enum {
kQuuxDebugExample = 1 << 0,
kQuuxDebugExample = 1 << 0,
kQuuxDebugExample2 = 1 << 1
kQuuxDebugExample2 = 1 << 1
// next new level must be 1 << 2 (4)
// next new channel must be 1 << 2 (4)
// the current limitation is 32 debug levels (1 << 31 is the last one)
// the current limitation is 32 debug channels (1 << 31 is the last one)
};
};
   
   
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// We need random numbers
// We need random numbers
Common::RandomSource _rnd;
Common::RandomSource *_rnd;
};
};
   
   
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#endif
#endif
</syntax>
</syntaxhighlight>


=== Example: engines/quux/quux.cpp ===
=== Example: engines/quux/quux.cpp ===
<syntax type="C++">
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#include "common/scummsys.h"
#include "common/scummsys.h"
   
   
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#include "common/debug.h"
#include "common/debug.h"
#include "common/debug-channels.h"
#include "common/debug-channels.h"
#include "common/EventRecorder.h"
#include "common/error.h"
#include "gui/EventRecorder.h"
#include "common/file.h"
#include "common/file.h"
#include "common/fs.h"
#include "common/fs.h"
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QuuxEngine::QuuxEngine(OSystem *syst)  
QuuxEngine::QuuxEngine(OSystem *syst)  
  : Engine(syst) {
  : Engine(syst), _console(nullptr) {
// Put your engine in a sane state, but do nothing big yet;
// Put your engine in a sane state, but do nothing big yet;
// in particular, do not load data from files; rather, if you
// in particular, do not load data from files; rather, if you
// need to do such things, do them from init().
// need to do such things, do them from run().
   
   
// Do not initialize graphics here
// Do not initialize graphics here
// Do not initialize audio devices here
   
   
// However this is the place to specify all default directories
// However this is the place to specify all default directories
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SearchMan.addSubDirectoryMatching(gameDataDir, "sound");
SearchMan.addSubDirectoryMatching(gameDataDir, "sound");
   
   
// Here is the right place to set up the engine specific debug levels
// Here is the right place to set up the engine specific debug channels
DebugMan.addDebugChannel(kQuuxDebugExample, "example", "this is just an example for a engine specific debug level");
DebugMan.addDebugChannel(kQuuxDebugExample, "example", "this is just an example for a engine specific debug channel");
DebugMan.addDebugChannel(kQuuxDebugExample2, "example2", "also an example");
DebugMan.addDebugChannel(kQuuxDebugExample2, "example2", "also an example");
   
   
// Don't forget to register your random source
// Don't forget to register your random source
g_eventRec.registerRandomSource(_rnd, "quux");
_rnd = new Common::RandomSource("quux");
   
   
printf("QuuxEngine::QuuxEngine\n");
debug("QuuxEngine::QuuxEngine");
}
}
   
   
QuuxEngine::~QuuxEngine() {
QuuxEngine::~QuuxEngine() {
debug("QuuxEngine::~QuuxEngine");
// Dispose your resources here
// Dispose your resources here
printf("QuuxEngine::~QuuxEngine\n");
delete _rnd;
   
   
// Remove all of our debug levels here
// Remove all of our debug levels here
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// Additional setup.
// Additional setup.
printf("QuuxEngine::init\n");
debug("QuuxEngine::init");
   
   
// Your main even loop should be (invoked from) here.
// Your main even loop should be (invoked from) here.
printf("QuuxEngine::go: Hello, World!\n");
debug("QuuxEngine::go: Hello, World!");
   
   
// This test will show up if -d1 and --debugflags=example are specified on the commandline
// This test will show up if -d1 and --debugflags=example are specified on the commandline
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} // End of namespace Quux
} // End of namespace Quux
</syntax>
</syntaxhighlight>


=== Example: engines/quux/detection.cpp ===
=== Example: engines/quux/detection.cpp ===
The following example implements a custom MetaEngine instead of using the AdvancedMetaEngine.
The following example implements a custom MetaEngine instead of using the AdvancedMetaEngine.
<syntax type="C++">
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#include "quux/quux.h"
#include "quux/quux.h"
   
   
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Common::FSNode dir(ConfMan.get("path"));
Common::FSNode dir(ConfMan.get("path"));
if (!dir.getChildren(fslist, Common::FSNode::kListAll)) {
if (!dir.getChildren(fslist, Common::FSNode::kListAll)) {
return Common::kInvalidPathError;
return Common::kNoGameDataFoundError;
}
}
   
   
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REGISTER_PLUGIN_STATIC(QUUX, PLUGIN_TYPE_ENGINE, QuuxMetaEngine);
REGISTER_PLUGIN_STATIC(QUUX, PLUGIN_TYPE_ENGINE, QuuxMetaEngine);
#endif
#endif
</syntax>
</syntaxhighlight>


=== Example: engines/quux/module.mk ===
=== Example: engines/quux/module.mk ===
<syntax type="make">
<syntaxhighlight lang="make">
MODULE := engines/quux
MODULE := engines/quux
   
   
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# Include common rules  
# Include common rules  
include $(srcdir)/rules.mk
include $(srcdir)/rules.mk
</syntax>
</syntaxhighlight>
 
=== Example: engines/quux/configure.engine ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
# This file is included from the main "configure" script
# add_engine [name] [desc] [build-by-default] [subengines] [base games] [deps]
add_engine quux "Quux" no
</syntaxhighlight>
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